Bedonkohe

Die Bedonkohe/Bi-dan-ku (="At the front at the end people", auch Mogollon, Mimbreno, östliche Chiricahua) sind eine Gruppe der Inde (Apachen)-Indianer. Wohl bekannteste Repräsentanten der Bedonkohe-Apachen waren Gokhlayeh alias Geronimo und Mangas Coloradas.

Die Bedonkohe lebten zusammen mit ihren Stammesgenossen, den Chihenne, im südlichen Grenzgebiet von Arizona und New Mexico. Die Bedonkohe waren eine der vier Gruppen der Chiricahua und beteiligten sich an den letzten Kämpfen der Chihenne-Häuptlinge Victorio und Nana, sowie der Nednhi unter Juh. Die Bedonkohe wurden durch die ständigen Kämpfe stark dezimiert und gingen in den anderen Chiricahua-Gruppen auf.

Heute leben die Bedonkohe bei Fort Sill, Oklahoma und auf der Mescalero-Apache-Reservation, New Mexico. 1990 sprachen noch 279 ihre Muttersprache.

Siehe auch
Liste nordamerikanischer Indianerstämme

Literatur

 * Castetter, Edward F.; & Opler, Morris E. (1936): The ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache: The use of plants for foods, beverages and narcotics. Ethnobiological studies in the American Southwest, (Vol. 3); Biological series (Vol. 4, No. 5); Bulletin, University of New Mexico, whole, (No. 297). Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
 * Hoijer, Harry (1939): Chiricahua loan-words from Spanish. Language, 15 (2), 110-115.
 * Hoijer, Harry (1945): Classificatory verb stems in the Apachean languages. International Journal of American Linguistics, 11 (1), 13-23.
 * Hoijer, Harry (1945): The Apachean verb, part I: Verb structure and pronominal prefixes. International Journal of American Linguistics, 11 (4), 193-203.
 * Hoijer, Harry (1946): The Apachean verb, part II: The prefixes for mode and tense. International Journal of American Linguistics, 12 (1), 1-13.
 * Hoijer, Harry (1946): The Apachean verb, part III: The classifiers. International Journal of American Linguistics, 12 (2), 51-59.
 * Hoijer, Harry (1946): Chiricahua Apache. In C. Osgood (Ed.), Linguistic structures in North America. New York: Wenner-Green Foundation for Anthropological Research.
 * Hoijer, Harry; & Opler, Morris E. (1938): Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache texts. The University of Chicago publications in anthropology; Linguistic series. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Reprinted 1964 by Chicago: University of Chicago Press; in 1970 by Chicago: University of Chicago Press; & in 1980 under H. Hoijer by New York: AMS Press, ISBN 0-40415783-1).
 * Opler, Morris E. (1933): An analysis of Mescalero and Chiricahua Apache social organization in the light of their systems of relationship. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Chicago.
 * Opler, Morris E. (1935): The concept of supernatural power among the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apaches. American Anthropologist, 37 (1), 65-70.
 * Opler, Morris E. (1936): The kinship systems of the Southern Athabaskan-speaking tribes. American Anthropologist, 38 (4), 620-633.
 * Opler, Morris E. (1937): An outline of Chiricahua Apache social organization. In: F. Egan (Ed.), Social anthropology of North American tribes (pp. 171-239). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
 * Opler, Morris E. (1938): A Chiricahua Apache's account of the Geronimo campaign of 1886. New Mexico Historical Review, 13 (4), 360-386.
 * Opler, Morris E. (1941): An Apache life-way: The economic, social, and religious institutions of the Chiricahua Indians. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. (Reprinted in 1962 by Chicago: University of Chicago Press; in 1965 by New York: Cooper Square Publishers; in 1965 by Chicago: University of Chicago Press; & in 1994 by Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, ISBN 0-80328610-4).
 * Opler, Morris E. (1942): The identity of the Apache Mansos. American Anthropologist, 44 (1), 725.
 * Opler, Morris E. (1946): Chiricahua Apache material relating to sorcery. Primitive Man, 19 (3-4), 81-92.
 * Opler, Morris E. (1946): Mountain spirits of the Chiricahua Apache. Masterkey, 20 (4), 125-131.
 * Opler, Morris E. (1947): Notes on Chiricahua Apache culture, I: Supernatural power and the shaman. Primitive Man, 20 (1-2), 1-14.
 * Opler, Morris E. (1983): Chiricahua Apache. In A. Ortiz (Ed.), Southwest (pp. 401-418). Handbook of North American Indians (Vol. 10). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
 * Opler, Morris E.; & French, David H. (1941): Myths and tales of the Chiricahua Apache Indians. Memoirs of the American folk-lore society, (Vol. 37). New York: American Folk-lore Society. (Reprinted in 1969 by New York: Kraus Reprint Co.; in 1970 by New York; in 1976 by Millwood, NY: Kraus Reprint Co.; & in 1994 under M. E. Opler, Morris by Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-80328602-3).
 * Opler, Morris E.; & Hoijer, Harry: (1940). The raid and war-path language of the Chiricahua Apache. American Anthropologist, 42 (4), 617-634.
 * Pinnow, Jürgen. (1988): Die Sprache der Chiricahua-Apachen: Mit Seitenblicken auf das Mescalero. Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag.
 * Schroeder, Albert H. (1974): A study of the Apache Indians: Parts IV and V. Apache Indians (No. 4), American Indian ethnohistory, Indians of the Southwest. New York: Garland.
 * Young, Robert W. (1983): Apachean languages. In A. Ortiz, W. C. Sturtevant (Eds.), Handbook of North American Indians: Southwest'', (Vol. 10), (p. 393-400). Washington: Smithsonian Institution.  ISBN 0-16004579-7.

Siehe auch: Liste nordamerikanischer Indianerstämme